Serializable,Externalizable,writeObject,readObject,readResolve
Serializable
通常我们序列化一个对象的目的是为了可以再序列化回来,有很多使用场景,比如
1、 把对象保存到文件中,然后可以再恢复
2、使用网络 IO 传递一个对象
3、因为 memcache 不支持存储对象,把对象序列化后存到 memcache 中,用的时候再序列化回来
只有实现了 Serializable 和 Externalizable 接口的类的对象才能被序列化。
Externalizable
查看 Externalizable 的源代码如下:
public interface Externalizable extends java.io.Serializable {
/**
* The object implements the writeExternal method to save its contents
* by calling the methods of DataOutput for its primitive values or
* calling the writeObject method of ObjectOutput for objects, strings,
* and arrays.
*
* @serialData Overriding methods should use this tag to describe
* the data layout of this Externalizable object.
* List the sequence of element types and, if possible,
* relate the element to a public/protected field and/or
* method of this Externalizable class.
*
* @param out the stream to write the object to
* @exception IOException Includes any I/O exceptions that may occur
*/
void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException;
/**
* The object implements the readExternal method to restore its
* contents by calling the methods of DataInput for primitive
* types and readObject for objects, strings and arrays. The
* readExternal method must read the values in the same sequence
* and with the same types as were written by writeExternal.
*
* @param in the stream to read data from in order to restore the object
* @exception IOException if I/O errors occur
* @exception ClassNotFoundException If the class for an object being
* restored cannot be found.
*/
void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException;
}
1、Externalizable 接口继承了 Serializable 接口,所以实现了 Externalizable 接口的实例也可以被序列化
2、Externalizable 接口中定义了 writeExternal 和 readExternal 两个抽象方法,通过注释,可以看出这两个方法其实对应 Serializable 接口的 writeObject 和 readObject 方法。
readObject
序列化通过ObjectOutputStream
和ObjectInputStream
写为文件或者网络传输,
以ObjectInputStream
为例,该类通过writeObject
方法写数据,源码如下:
public final void writeObject(Object obj) throws IOException {
if (enableOverride) {
writeObjectOverride(obj);
return;
}
try {
writeObject0(obj, false);
} catch (IOException ex) {
if (depth == 0) {
writeFatalException(ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
该方法调用了 writeObject0 方法写实例,源码如下:
private void writeObject0(Object obj, boolean unshared)
throws IOException
{
boolean oldMode = bout.setBlockDataMode(false);
depth++;
try {
// handle previously written and non-replaceable objects
int h;
if ((obj = subs.lookup(obj)) == null) {
writeNull();
return;
} else if (!unshared && (h = handles.lookup(obj)) != -1) {
writeHandle(h);
return;
} else if (obj instanceof Class) {
writeClass((Class) obj, unshared);
return;
} else if (obj instanceof ObjectStreamClass) {
writeClassDesc((ObjectStreamClass) obj, unshared);
return;
}
// check for replacement object
Object orig = obj;
Class<?> cl = obj.getClass();
ObjectStreamClass desc;
for (;;) {
// REMIND: skip this check for strings/arrays?
Class<?> repCl;
desc = ObjectStreamClass.lookup(cl, true);
if (!desc.hasWriteReplaceMethod() ||
(obj = desc.invokeWriteReplace(obj)) == null ||
(repCl = obj.getClass()) == cl)
{
break;
}
cl = repCl;
}
if (enableReplace) {
Object rep = replaceObject(obj);
if (rep != obj && rep != null) {
cl = rep.getClass();
desc = ObjectStreamClass.lookup(cl, true);
}
obj = rep;
}
// if object replaced, run through original checks a second time
if (obj != orig) {
subs.assign(orig, obj);
if (obj == null) {
writeNull();
return;
} else if (!unshared && (h = handles.lookup(obj)) != -1) {
writeHandle(h);
return;
} else if (obj instanceof Class) {
writeClass((Class) obj, unshared);
return;
} else if (obj instanceof ObjectStreamClass) {
writeClassDesc((ObjectStreamClass) obj, unshared);
return;
}
}
// remaining cases
if (obj instanceof String) {
writeString((String) obj, unshared);
} else if (cl.isArray()) {
writeArray(obj, desc, unshared);
} else if (obj instanceof Enum) {
writeEnum((Enum<?>) obj, desc, unshared);
} else if (obj instanceof Serializable) {
writeOrdinaryObject(obj, desc, unshared);
} else {
if (extendedDebugInfo) {
throw new NotSerializableException(
cl.getName() + "\n" + debugInfoStack.toString());
} else {
throw new NotSerializableException(cl.getName());
}
}
} finally {
depth--;
bout.setBlockDataMode(oldMode);
}
}
该方法判断其是否为 ObjectStreamClass 类型的实例,如果是这个类型的实例,
调用了 ObjectStreamClass 方法写数据,该方法通过反射,调用readObject
和writeObject
私有方法
写入写对象,故在实现了 Serializable 方法的类中,实现readObject
和writeObject
的私有方法,即可自定义序列化如何写实例和读取实例
private ObjectStreamClass(final Class<?> cl) {
this.cl = cl;
name = cl.getName();
isProxy = Proxy.isProxyClass(cl);
isEnum = Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
serializable = Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
externalizable = Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
Class<?> superCl = cl.getSuperclass();
superDesc = (superCl != null) ? lookup(superCl, false) : null;
localDesc = this;
if (serializable) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
if (isEnum) {
suid = Long.valueOf(0);
fields = NO_FIELDS;
return null;
}
if (cl.isArray()) {
fields = NO_FIELDS;
return null;
}
suid = getDeclaredSUID(cl);
try {
fields = getSerialFields(cl);
computeFieldOffsets();
} catch (InvalidClassException e) {
serializeEx = deserializeEx =
new ExceptionInfo(e.classname, e.getMessage());
fields = NO_FIELDS;
}
if (externalizable) {
cons = getExternalizableConstructor(cl);
} else {
cons = getSerializableConstructor(cl);
writeObjectMethod = getPrivateMethod(cl, "writeObject",
new Class<?>[] { ObjectOutputStream.class },
Void.TYPE);
readObjectMethod = getPrivateMethod(cl, "readObject",
new Class<?>[] { ObjectInputStream.class },
Void.TYPE);
readObjectNoDataMethod = getPrivateMethod(
cl, "readObjectNoData", null, Void.TYPE);
hasWriteObjectData = (writeObjectMethod != null);
}
domains = getProtectionDomains(cons, cl);
writeReplaceMethod = getInheritableMethod(
cl, "writeReplace", null, Object.class);
readResolveMethod = getInheritableMethod(
cl, "readResolve", null, Object.class);
return null;
}
});
} else {
suid = Long.valueOf(0);
fields = NO_FIELDS;
}
try {
fieldRefl = getReflector(fields, this);
} catch (InvalidClassException ex) {
// field mismatches impossible when matching local fields vs. self
throw new InternalError(ex);
}
if (deserializeEx == null) {
if (isEnum) {
deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(name, "enum type");
} else if (cons == null) {
deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(name, "no valid constructor");
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
if (fields[i].getField() == null) {
defaultSerializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(
name, "unmatched serializable field(s) declared");
}
}
initialized = true;
}
writeObject
该分析通 readObject 方法
readResolve
是在单例模式中使用该方法返回同一实例,而不是重新新建实例
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class MySingleton implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//内部类
private static class MySingletonHandler{
private static MySingleton instance = new MySingleton();
}
private MySingleton(){}
public static MySingleton getInstance() {
return MySingletonHandler.instance;
}
//该方法在反序列化时会被调用,该方法不是接口定义的方法,有点儿约定俗成的感觉
protected Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
System.out.println("调用了readResolve方法!");
return MySingletonHandler.instance;
}
}
本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献,版权归作者所有,本社区不拥有所有权,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现本社区中有涉嫌抄袭的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:jaagool@sina.cn 进行举报,并提供相关证据,一经查实,本社区将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。